The design of the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2002 by Toyo Ito and Cecil Balmond was based on an algorithm of a cube.

The Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2002 appeared to be an extremely complex random pattern that proved, upon careful examination, to derive from an algorithm of a cube that expanded as it rotated. The numerous triangles and trapezoids formed by this system of intersecting lines were clad to be either transparent or translucent, giving a sense of infinitely repeated motion.

'Why can't all new buildings be this good? Toyo Ito's magical summer pavilion at the Serpentine Gallery is a lesson in imagination' - Evening Standard

Winner of the Gengo Matsui prize for engineering, the 2002 Serpentine Pavilion was a collaboration between Balmond and Toyo Ito. The intention: to transform the most ordinary of spatial typologies – the box – into something extraordinary.Noticing the pathways and channels intersecting Hyde Park, like the enigmatic Nazca earthworks, Balmond used a network of lines and velocities to criss-cross through the Pavilion’s box shape. A specially developed algorithm was proposed: half to a third of adjacent sides of the square, which quickly resulted in a pattern of many crossings. The lines and crossings became supportive steel blades, and a chequered pattern of glass and aluminium panels added to the sharpness of form.