Space-frame structures

All About Space-Frame Structures

Space Frames are amongst the most weight efficient form of light weight steel structures. Elements and nodes are separated and bolted together to form frames. Geometrical shapes can be either curved or flat, with many variations on grid types. Space frames can be used to cover large areas with few interior supports. Like the Truss, a space frame or space structure is strong because of inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut. Space frame or space structures are typically designed using a rigidity matrix. The special distinctive of the stiffness matrix in an architectural space frame is independent of the angular factors. If the joints are sufficiently rigid, the angular deflections can be minimized.

One of the most important advantages of a space frame structure is its lightweight. It is mainly because material is distributed spatially in such a way that the load transfer mechanism is primarily axial-tension or compression. Consequently, all material in any given element is utilized to its full extent. Furthermore, most space frames are now constructed with steel or aluminum, which decreases considerably their self-weight. This is especially important in the case of long-span roofs that led to several notable examples of applications. The units of space frames are usually mass-produced in the factory so that they can take full advantage of an industrialized system of construction. Space frames can be built from simple prefabricated units, which are often of standard size and shape. Such units can be easily transported and rapidly assembled on-site by semi-skilled labor. Consequently, space frames can be built at a lower cost.

A space frame is usually sufficiently stiff in spite of its lightness. This is due to its three-dimensional character and to the full participation of its constituent elements. Engineers appreciate the inherent rigidity and great stiffness of space frames and their exceptional ability to resist the unsymmetrical or heavy concentrated load. Possessing greater rigidity, the space frames also allow greater flexibility in the layout and positioning of columns.

Space frames possess a versatility of shape and form and can utilize a standard module to generate various flat space grids, latticed shell, or even free-form shapes. Architects appreciate the visual beauty and the impressive simplicity of lines in space frames. A trend is very noticeable in which the structural members are left exposed as a part of the architectural expression. The desire for openness for both visual impact as well as the ability to accommodate variable space requirements always calls for space frames as the most favorable solution.

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