Towards a sustainable architecture The opportunity to design reflection offered by the competition of ideas takes shape in an integral vision of architecture that makes the system the environmental, economic and social involved in the operation. The project is a multi-disciplinary and multi-scalar result, a complex product that can meet the needs of sustainability and the demands of clients. The solution is designed around to the social, cultural and environmental context in which is inserted through sustainable measures and fair also from a financial point of view. The result achieved is not an architecture for special effects, but a point of gravity between the different interests at stake. The choices made are not the only possible and are not the best ever, but they are best placed to respond to the issues introduced by the notice and the project site.
As designers we are aware that the production building covers an important role in altering sequences vital and natural resources of the environment. The life cycle of building products is responsible for a huge proportion of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and for the consumption of non-renewable resources or derived from fossil. We know that we must necessarily be able to foresee the consequences of our design choices at every scale of the intervention and in various fields which it intervenes. The strategies of the project, the selection of materials and construction techniques are also assessed according to the effects they may have on operators and on the armature of the construction industry, particularly at this time of economic crisis.
Definition of the design intent The proposal of the Eco Village Green follows an overview of general interest to be applied to portions "a", "b" and "c", in order to develop the sector through successive interventions, as determined by the NTA The conformation volumetric proposal, the provision of green and trees, the location of driveways and pedestrian journeys are the superposition of multiple objectives.
The first is to prepare the buildings able to take full advantage of the excellent potential solar access enjoyed by the sector. The distance between the volumes will be maximized in order to ensure that the buildings do not shadow on each other during the winter. Furthermore, the need to allocate the building the lesser portion of the ground can, so as to maintain a high permeability of the ground and a significant external surface to green, will concentrate the built volumes. It will therefore be to form an area of breath between a building and the other, an area "cushion" in which to locate the vegetation and the outdoor spaces of relationship. The fronts of the houses will be backward as much as possible from the road for safety, noise reduction and reduction of the effects caused by possible pollution sources. The portions "b" and "to" develop the buildings in line located along the axis east-west. The building provided for the portion "c" will be an isolated volume.
The three buildings will have the main front open to the south and the short sides east and west. The living environment of the apartments will enjoy direct sunlight through the large openings concentrated in the south. Each unit can take advantage of free solar gains in winter and may relate visually with the surrounding landscape and the plant mass expected in the "buffer zone". The local life will be very bright and will be installed control systems of solar radiation. In particular you will need to provide shielding for the summer period, with margins of adjustability for between seasons.
The green system The system of vegetation, as well as to respond to the needs of a psychological and ornamental, will play a vital role in the balance of the fund. First you must make the creation of a north-south row of deciduous trees to be placed between the road and the built environment. This structure tree will bring benefits both internally and externally to the project. Local residents will enjoy a visual and acoustic barrier against the natural way, the parking lots located in the margin of Via Raffaello will be shielded from sunlight summer. The same tree structure finally held a decisive role as a shield against solar building design and external areas. In fact, being located on the west side of the artefacts, the row will be able to greatly reduce the thermal load resulting from the summer solar radiation and afternoon. In fact it is known as solar radiation, the hot summer afternoons, and low-impact, are much more difficult to shield than noon. Additional shielding structures are not necessary to protect the financial east. Indeed, the combined effect of temperature and solar radiation, summer afternoons are much warmer mornings, despite the symmetry of the solar path north-south axis.
The presence of effective shielding summer means having indoor (and outdoor) comfortable. Block solar radiation before it reaches the walls and above the windows of the building is equivalent to greatly reduce the thermal load of the interior and opaque structures. During the winter sunlight will instead go directly to the structures of housing and penetrate deep environments, generating free contributions. The absence of foliage will considerably reduce the shielding capacity of the trees. As shown by studies of the solar shadows, the trees will be the screen to homes at least until the first floor in the summer and let you pass radiation in winter. A second design objective is to respect the system of the existing green and that provided by the planning instruments. For this reason, you will create a green area to the north of the sector, in order to unite with that provided by the current development plan with the aim of this to have some green of important dimensions, contiguous and no residual or fragmented. The north-south row becomes also the vegetable element that connects the green areas provided for the north and south of the fund.
Another field green trees will be placed inside the lot "a" in a central position of the entire sector, to act as a separation between the built of the lot "b" with the lot "a". The structure thus described vegetation will enjoy the presence of a major plant mass, able to significantly influence the microclimate of the site. Through the phenomenon of evapotranspiration, or the passage of water from liquid soil state vaporous atmosphere, plants play an important role in temperature control. Through the leaves trees generate humidity and air circulation through the activation of micro convective systems. And 'in fact known as the cold air, heavier, tends to fall while the hot salt generating benefits for the environment in the hot summer.
Green spaces will be organized as the areas pertaining to use of the community (or alternatively it could be a green for the exclusive use of the community of the fund). Outdoor spaces will be characterized by a series of steps and rest areas designed to facilitate the meeting and socializing, offering residents opportunities for relaxation and recreation. Through this project aims eventually to use certain portions of the soil to enable urban gardens, condominium, or similar able to promote and encourage participation in the management and care of green. The tree species are still local and require low maintenance.
The pedestrian system The Eco Green Village will feature a pedestrian systems able to relate to the outside with an urban network present and widespread. The paths of the sector are, therefore, designed to be a piece of a much larger system that covers the entire community. Within the sector will be a major haul, structured around the axis north / south and reported with future green areas provided by PRG. A traveling east-west link the sector with the nearby green area west of the existing road Raffaello. This connection may be made through the raised crosswalk. It is suggested however, to realize the "bottleneck" of the road in the vicinity of this and other crossings in order to slow down the traveling speed automotive making it more secure and visible the passage.
Permeability of the soil, the water cycle and possible phytoremediation The location and the position of the buildings is gained inter alia also by the desire to occupy impermeable surfaces with the least possible amount of soil. For buildings of the portions "b" and "c" has opted not to realize underground rooms for garages as would have required the construction of a ramp external connection. It is, however, considered more appropriate to provide the car parks, tree-lined and with permeable paving. The only basement room will be made for the building to be placed in the portion "to" given the consistency of the users of the building and therefore the parking spaces required.
All external paths and the materials used for flooring preserve the permeability of the soil. Each of the three buildings will be equipped with its own system for the collection of rainwater suitably dimensioned according to the collection surfaces and the loads of the project. It involves the use of this water resource for irrigation alone. By using this technology you try to address two issues that have to do with water management and consumption of drinking water. E 'is in fact known as the amount of rain water fed into the sewer system increases considerably during periods of rain causing ebbs and significantly reducing the efficiency of the network itself. With a system for collecting and storing a portion of rain water, the amount delivered to the grid will be significantly reduced for the benefit of the community. Furthermore, whereas only 50% of the total daily requirement of water (50% of 150 l per capita) must be drinking, for the remaining 50% may be used in water supplies less valuable as rainwater. A preliminary design was made for the system of collecting rainwater portion "b". Here, through the use of an underground tank from 6000l, it is expected a substantial water savings corresponding to a saving of at least 200 EUR per year. Please refer to a more advanced stage of the project, supported by geological proofs on the ground, the possibility of creating a field of phytoremediation to use the fund.
Disposition of buildings For each of the three portions of the fund is planned to build volumes in line with the requirements of town planning legislation and in compliance with the minimum distances from the borders, from the streets and between buildings. The buildings take shape from modular units of two or three floors juxtaposed. The elements of lifts, ramps, landings and elevators will be located externally, through the "gaps" in the service of several modules. In this way reduces the total volume of the building and thus also the costs of realization of the same. The building provided for the portion "a" will be three levels above the ground while those for the portion "b" and "c" will be of two floors.
Parking lots and driveways The driveways were limited to a minimum. There are a total of two accesses: one for the portion "b" is connected to the ramp to the underground garage and one merged for the portions "b" and "c". This access can also be conducted for providing excerpts in a first step the construction of the portion on the lot "b" with its parking lots and subsequently the portion "c" with its parking lots. The amount of parking spaces, type "P2" and "P3" is determined by the art. 3.3.1 of N.T.A. By rule, "... the car parks can be located in other area or building unit placed in a reasonable radius of pedestrian accessibility ....". The amount of parking (n ° 9 type P3) provided for the portion "c" will be placed in a way adjacent to Via Raffaello. In order to create access common among the lot "b" and "c" will require the removal of two existing parking spaces near the cabin Enel. The two car parks will be recreated through the sale of two portions of the surfaces of the two lots "b" and "c" as shown in the following diagram.
Waste Management It is expected to realize an island green underground for waste separation compartment. The system will be in position with respect to utilities and in the vicinity of the road so as to facilitate the unloading operations by the operators. The use of this technology, in addition to improving the urban decor allows better organization of space, reducing the number of containers and the rationalization of the steps of the means of collection. It also provides for the collection of biological waste through small composters collective located in gardens for their use in relation to the management of the green.
Types included in At this stage of the design will provide a guideline on how to use the internal surfaces of the three portions of the fund, leaving the detailed design at a later stage. The holdings of housing are variable according to the needs of the market, subject to the requirements expressed through art. 4.2.3 paragraph 3 of N.T.A. Portion "a": three-storey construction with SU approximately 600 square meters consisting of 5 min and max 8 units. Portion "b": building of two floors with SU approximately 250 square meters consisting of 4 units intended for social housing; Portion "c": the building of two floors with SU approximately 150 square meters consisting of 1 min and max units 2 units.
