San Bernardino is a summer town located about 50 kilometers from the capital (Assunção), a city that is dedicated to its landscapes and its blue lake for poets, musicians and artists. Inspiration site for the beautiful song Recordações de Ypacarai. This commission aimed to design small living modules to be used as rest spaces during the weekends. Time was a contrary factor, and the work should be carried out quickly and should also be adjusted to the budget established by the investors. The area available for intervention is 2,000 square meters of free surface, in the Monte Espeso area. The project should contemplate the construction of new modules so that they are executed efficiently and quickly. The challenge in this assignment, apart from the execution plan, forces the special characteristics of the place where it should be intervened.
At the beginning of the design process, we asked ourselves what the minimum unit should be to be inhabited comfortably and how it should be. As a reflection and inspiration on this minimum unit, we analyze the cases: Le cabanon, by Le Corbusier and the typology of Guaraní housing, the cultured yovái. Not first of all, we are interested in the cabin, rather than the accommodation. In Le Cabanon, you can plan your daily life, relax, rest, eat, work, in an unpredicted space, in the 7.32 square meters designed by Le Corbusier. This point, the settlement is a key part of the property, since the exterior space and the landscape, form part of the architectural property, therefore, the 7.32 square meter room ends up being a "habitable" space; Secondly, we are interested in the volume that generates the modulation of the culáta yovái, the cheios and the empties, and, we understand what happens in these spaces. In this typology of home, the ends are introverted spaces and intended, on one side, for the living area, on the other, for the kitchen area. The central space is open and extroverted, both in the bedroom and in the kitchen, opening into this space where the dining area and the social area appear. We are also interested in the materiality and spatial distribution, in addition to being a typology that allows natural ventilation of all its rooms.
This brief analysis, rich in reflection, led us to the decision to work within a space no larger than 18 square meters. A volume 6 meters long by 3 meters wide. Echoing the spirit of the traditional Yuvai design, the entrance was placed in the center of the module, creating two independent spaces connected by a central circulation area. On one side is the bedroom area, on the other, the bathroom area. The central space traverses the volume and organizes the spaces. A metal structure was designed to serve as both furniture and a workspace. The bathroom area occupies the width of the module, allowing the largest possible surface area to be dedicated to the shower, which was designed as a glass volume opening onto the natural surroundings.
In addition to separating the volume into two spaces—a rest area on one side and a bathroom on the other—the design of the Yovai rear section leads us to a third space: the terrace. A small extension of the interior into the exterior, this space features simple yet functional furnishings, a place to spend time outdoors, under the stars and surrounded by nature. Visual boundaries are controlled by existing and proposed vegetation, as well as by palisades arranged like vertical panels.
The nine habitable modules appear in the landscape like small *tacurúes (small, isolated structures) that, through slight rotations, are oriented to maximize privacy while prioritizing views of the surrounding area.
Through the analysis of both case studies, a design was achieved that fits the established budget, construction timeline, and site conditions. A simple and practical proposal that adapts to the natural environment, with quick and efficient assembly. The entire design of the modules (interior and exterior) was conceived for simple and economical execution.
*TAKURU (in the Guarani language) is a raised earthen structure, made by a particular type of ant. This landscape of raised earthen mounds can usually be observed in rural areas and parts of the Chaco region.