CONCEPT PROPOSAL
The project is based on the application of the constructive system by cargo containers, build with a low-cost and strong materials, friendly with the environment; these materials have an excellent architectural quality, they are seeking to facilitate and economize their construction. The project will be built with community participation.
OBJECTIVES
Improvement of the life quality (housing and health) in the human settlement "Pesquero II" through the use of sustainable materials. Development of the capacity of construction in the community. There are potencial factors clearly aplicable in similar environments and high degree of adaptability to different contexts.
THE PROJECT IS MANAGED TO COMMUNITIES WITH LOW RESOURCES AND WITH A RURAL AND URBAN-MARGINAL PROFILE. IT PROVIDES THEM HABITABLE MODULES WITH SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EXCELLENT ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY.
PROJECT'S LOCATION
The area is rectangular, 8.00 m x 15.00 m, It has a principal access by 200 Ave. and the total area is 60 m2. This district is a town urbanisation in development's process and urban consolidation,with basic services. The project is located in human settlement "Pesquero II" in the locality Pachacutec town. It belongs to Ventanilla district in the constitutional province of Callao
COMMUNITY & ARCHITECTURE
This project will integrate architecture and community in the district, housing's moduls will need to have all the community involved in the construction's process, through a spread model of training by man to man. A particular strategy for this learning will be required in each community and a neighboring committee.
CASE OF STUDY
001 // PROBLEM
At the beginning of development of this problem, the human factor is an important determinant, this group is conformed by a nuclear familiy with 4 members with possibilities to increase. The principal problem in these cases, is the low budget that the community can allocate to an architecture project, this generates a series of self-constructed and prefabricated housings of low or non-quality architectural.
This will be the factor that will manage the design of the low-cost and comfortable's housing, however the design is considerates that the proposal is directed to a prototype's humble family in the human settlement "Pesquero II" in the Pachacutec district. Therefore, the economic issue, the geographic space and the necessity will be oriented to generate a prototype prefabricated houses with a modular system.
002 // SOLUTION
To improve the design, we did an study about the type of housings that exist in the surrounding, arriving at the conclusion that the base structure should not be too invasive and the materials the easiest to maintain and with the lowest possible cost, in this way we think that the housing will be prefabricated, using cargo containers ISO 40',wich total area is 60 m2 and recycled wood preexisted in the place.
The customers can shelter and move their family in case of natural disaster, the constructive system will be strong enought, with low-cost and time saving construction. Then, it is intented to generate a housing's module for a family with 4 members to improving their life condition. Spaces should convert in new rooms according to family's increasing, bedrooms will have this purpose because they are spacious and with enough height to put a double bed as well as the study area could be converted in a fourth bedroom. Considering the use of the free area, its been releasing 18m2 of free space to be adaptable for recreational zones or gardens.
ANTECEDENTS
Ventanilla is the biggest district in the constitutional province of Callao. It has had different social, culture, politic and urban changes since its foundation in 1969. Many of this changes have not beeing planned, as the creation of Pachacutec city, in 2000 that started as a people's invasion that nowadays it is a town urbanisation in a process of urban consolidation and of implementation its basic services.
ARRANGEMENT
The modular house is generated by two volumes one on other, the top volume contains the social zone (living room) and the kitchen. However we can find in the inner envolve the private zone and service, where bedrooms, study and bathrooms are generated. Among the design parameters for the modular housing proposal is the necessity of consolidate the urban image in the human settlement "Pesquero II", using recycled materials like cargo containers whose joining together define the external envelope of the volume and it is cover by the roof whose material is the cellular recycled polycarbonate.
The design and materials shouldnt damage the esthetic and the comfort. The project uses the container's structure and it will be reinforce through steel columns that make two levels in the central part. Areas in the private zone are delimited with OSB walls. Areas have limited visual because the polycarbonate material, to avoid the view to adjacent lots from the house's interior and to the private interior areas from the exterior surrounding. Light and ventilation are direct and natural by windows in the roof (zenithal lighting) Gardens are incoporated to the internal design of the housing. They are located in the back of the house, in the private zone. Its importan to considerate gardens inside the design because greenery are anexcellent thermal regulator.
LIGHTING
The lighting is zenithal, it is possible to use through windows in the roof of cellular recycled polycarbonate, in addition, polycarbonate is a translucent material that allow the pass of the natural light. It will be direct, total and well distributed, especially on the 1st storey. The use of this kind of light allows a better relation between interior-exterior in the house and major ease for ventilation and thermal comfort.
CARGO CONTAINERS
Cargo containers are an appropriate material for the construction because they have a strong structure, it is easy to move and adaptable to the design. They are considerated a recycled material because their principal use is maritime transport and land cargo, but considerating the characteristics mentioned, cargo containers can be exploted in the sustainability architecture.
For their standardized form, with precise and exact measurements, cargo containers are modular units that facilitate and simplify the architectural design, converting them in a very adaptable material to different kinds of projects and urban-rural contexts. It is a material designed to be a thermal-acoustic insulator and durable to withstand harsh environments, as it needs a minimum maintenance. The construction of a housing with cargo containers reduces costs among 30-40% in comparation with a house builded with typical materials. In addition, the times of the construction are reduces significantly.
RECYCLED WOOD
Wood OSB (Oriented strand board)
The OSB wood boards are boards manufactured from wood shavings, this material is ecofriendly, economical, versatile and durable. This type of panels are resistant to deformations, rigid and structural. This is provided by its composition of crossed layers. In addition, it is an excellent acoustic and thermal insulation, this makes it a material that could be used for both outdoors and indoor and also has a good finish. The OSB-Board construction is easy and fast. They don't have knots and that facilitate sawing, drilling, sanding or use of metal elements without the material cracking, cutting or breaking; And they are waterproof to the moisture does not deteriorate.
Recycled wood planks
These are recycled element and in the proposal the same used wood planks are been used for the construction of houses within the existing properties in the sorrounding. The project will use this same structural wood for the polycarbonate cover.
RECYCLED POLYCARBONATE
Cellular recycled polycarbonate
Recycled cellular polycarbonate plates have as one of their main characteristics that is respectful with the environment by its recycled core, which differentiates it from a common polycarbonate. The useful life of a polycarbonate plate is approximately 20 years, but it could be extended and used if is recycled, thus avoiding damaging the environment and taking advantage of its use in architecture. This material has a high resistance to various climatic conditions and temperature variations, it is also resistant to deformation and impacts. It is also a thermal and acoustic insulator.
Its transparency or translucency is applicable as walls curtains, translucent facades, skylights and roofs. It has high light transmission rates depending on thickness (up to 88% in 10 mm). And given its alveolar structure inside the plates, it is a light material whose application in the construction makes it an easy to install and removable material if it deteriorates. It is economical compared to glass or other materials used for enclosures, easy to transport and easy to use.
URBAN REPLICABILITY
The construction in the first habitable modules will have educational purposes; we will have with the experience in this project, an exponential training in the constuction process of the following habitable modules, helping to the future replicas will be even more effectives. A fundamental aspect in this experience will be the change in the urban image of Pachacutec city, as a demostrative zone in the field of sustainable construction in the long run, this diferencial implies that they will have formed in this distric entrepreneurial people of the self-built sustainable architecture with the ability to teach other members of their community and to provide their services in other districts. Then, the attention will not be only in the project as architectural design, but also in the formation of future and sustainable constructors, improving their quality life and strengthening their values.
In this contexts, deep social aspects as "community", will be noticed because they will be helping each other in the construction process of their houses, and it will generate more interest about the construction and architecture in them, this interest will produce better housing modules, adaptable for each family in different points in Callao region. The participation of the community will be active in every moment, and it will be needed to support and regulate the sustainable construction. The incresing of these new houses and their replicas in other contexts must be controled, in order to maintain the principals objectives that generated the design proposal, and the continum improvement through the teaching by the experiences, could be directed to a colective success and not to an individual.
"...THIS DIFFERENTIAL IMPLIES THAT THEY WILL HAVE FORMED IN THIS DISTRIC ENTREPRENEURIAL PEOPLE OF THE SELF-BUILT SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE WITH THE ABILITY TO TEACH OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY..."
Multidisciplinary participation from local leaders and community's members could be supported by external allied like government authorities, non-governmental organizations (NGO) and private's companys to support the work of the new entrepreneur people, if it is possible, government and community could support each other to bring the project to others districts in Callao, with a low budget, generating jobs adequately and constructing sustainablely in different communities in the region; where professionals, professors, and students of different careers will provide a more extensive vision that will generates development through the experience.
