Developed by SaTa Na Architect in collaboration with SCG for the company’s Thematic Pavilion at Thailand Architect Expo 2026, the Delta Stack Pavilion responds to the exhibition theme, Beyond Materials, Into Life, by questioning whether building materials can shape architecture rather than simply serve as its finished components.
Instead of beginning with a predetermined form, the design emerged through an investigation of SCG’s building systems, including their dimensions, installation methods, structural behavior, and lifecycle potential.
Roofing products, typically used as planar protective elements, became the project’s primary design medium, generating an architectural language rooted in construction logic while supporting material efficiency and future reuse.
Designing for material efficiency
The pavilion reinterprets roofing panels as triangular spatial modules that organize movement, enclosure, and atmosphere. Their installation angles and structural relationships establish a repetitive tectonic system known as the Delta Stack, in which standardized industrial products are assembled into a layered, inhabitable landscape.
Drawing on the archetype of the cave, the design creates spaces defined by depth, shadow, and varying levels of enclosure rather than enclosed rooms. As daylight filters through the porous structure, shifting patterns of light alter the visitor’s perception of space, demonstrating how material characteristics can shape the architectural experience.
Material optimization informed the project from the earliest design stages. Module dimensions were coordinated with standard product sizes to reduce fabrication waste and simplify assembly.
As a result, 30.31 percent of the materials were installed without cutting, 34.92 percent were cut without generating waste, and 34.77 percent became reusable offcuts for future applications. Rather than treating efficiency as a post-design exercise, the pavilion integrates construction logic into its architectural form, reducing unnecessary processing while maintaining spatial complexity.
The project also incorporates SCG products with verified environmental documentation and certifications, including Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), Carbon Footprint for Products declarations, Green Choice certification, and Circular Economy certification, depending on the product category. Together with the optimized construction process, these products contribute to a measured embodied carbon value of 102.19 kg CO₂e/m² for the primary steel structure, reflecting the project's low-carbon material strategy.
Designing beyond the exhibition
The pavilion extends its sustainability strategy beyond the exhibition period through a design-for-disassembly approach. The structure is assembled using dry bolted connections, allowing its components to be dismantled without damage, relocated, and reused.
Following the exhibition, structural steel modules are intended for future installations, roofing materials will be donated for community use, and selected products will be returned to SCG for reuse, showroom applications, or material recovery. Planned material separation and manufacturer take-back strategies further support circular resource flows while minimizing demolition waste.
As an open-air pavilion, the project also limits operational impacts through passive design. Its permeable envelope admits natural daylight and ventilation, eliminating the need for permanent mechanical conditioning.
Rather than relying on active building systems, the pavilion demonstrates how temporary architecture can reduce operational demand and lifecycle impacts through efficient material use, modular construction, and planned reuse, extending the value of its components beyond a single event.
